JAMA

Findings: In this randomized clinical trial including 53 patients, a 12-week exercise training intervention promoted a clinically meaningful reduction in 24-hour and daytime ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Meaning: The findings show that aerobic exercise added to optimized medical therapy reduces blood pressure in patients with low responsiveness to drug treatment and has the potential to be incorporated in the standard care of these patients.

Findings: In this randomized clinical trial that included 190 participantswith intermittent claudication due to PAD, receipt of the intervention, compared with usual care, resulted in a statistically significant adjusted difference in mean 6-minute walk distance of 16.7 m at 3 months.

Meaning: Among adults with PAD, a home-based, walking exercise behavior change intervention, compared with usual care, increased 6-minute walking distance at 3 months.

Findings: This systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 prospective studies including more than 2 million person-years showed an inverse curvilinear association between physical activity and incident depression, with greater differences in risk at lower exposure levels. Adults meeting physical activity recommendations (equivalent to 2.5 h/wk of brisk walking) had lower risk of depression, compared with adults reporting no physical activity.

Meaning: In this study, relatively small doses of physical activity were associated with substantially lower risks of depression.

Findings: In this ancillary analysis of a randomized clinical trial of 1199 adults aged 70 to 89 years, those randomized to the physical activity and exercise intervention had statistically significantly lower decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate per cystatin C over 2 years compared with those in the health education arm.

Meaning: Clinicians should consider prescribing physical activity and moderate-intensity exercise for older adults to slow the rate of decline of kidney function.

Findings: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 randomized clinical trials enrolling 566 older adults, low-certainty evidence showed improvement in physical function and self-reported function with power training. Power training was associated with an improvement in physical function in 13 RCTs and self-reported physical function in 3 RCTs.

Meaning: The findings of this study suggest that power training may be associated with a modest improvement in physical function compared with traditional strength training in healthy, community-living older adults.

Findings: In this cross-sectional study of 4659 participants, postbariatric surgery patients reported more time spent on physical activity (50.6 min/wk) and lower total energy intake (−295 kcal/d) than those eligible for surgery, with levels of physical activity comparable with those with normal weight.

Meaning: These results suggest that postoperative support for sustained behavioral changes is needed for post bariatric patients to help achieve long-term health benefits.